Some papers are available for download at Scholarly Commons @ Penn. You may also email Dr. Winkelstein for reprints.

Manuscripts and book chapters

A comprehensive search of papers by Winkelstein B is located here

Winkelstein BA, Santos DG.  "An intact facet capsular ligament modulates behavioral sensitivity and spinal glial activation produced by cervical facet joint tension."  Spine 33(8):856-62, 2008. (link)

Siegmund GP, Davis MB, Quinn KP, Hines E, Myers BS, Ejima S, Ono K, Kamiji J, Yasuki T, Winkelstein BA.  "Head-turned postures increase the risk of cervical facet capsule injury during whiplash."  Spine 2008, in press.

Hubbard RD, Winkelstein BA.  "Nerve Root Compression Produces Local Axonal Pathology and Inflammation Dependent Upon Mechanics and Directly Related to Mechanical Allodynia."  Experimental Neurology 2008, in press.

Hubbard RD, Martínez JJ, Burdick JA, Winkelstein BA.  "Controlled Release of GDNF Reduces Nerve Root-Mediated Behavioral Hypersensitivity."  Journal of Orthopaedic Research 2008, in press.

Hubbard RD, Chen Z, Winkelstein BA. "Transient Cervical Nerve Root Compression Modulates Pain: Load Thresholds for Allodynia and Sustained Changes in Spinal Neuropeptide Expression." Journal of Biomechanics 2007, Epub Oct 31. (link)

Quinn KP, Lee KE, Ahaghotu CC, Winkelstein BA. "Structural Changes in the Cervical Facet Capsular Ligament: Potential Contributions to Pain Following Subfailure Loading." Stapp Car Crash Journal 51:169-187, 2007. (link)

Rothman SM, Winkelstein BA.  "Chemical and mechanical nerve root insults induce differential behavioral sensitivity and glial activation that are enhanced in combination."  Brain Research 1181:30-43, 2007. (link)

Quinn KP and Winkelstein BA. "Cervical Facet Capsular Ligament Yield Defines the Threshold for Injury and Persistent Joint-Mediated Neck Pain." Journal of Biomechanics 40(10):2299-306, 2007. (link)

Lee KE, Franklin AN, Davis MB, and Winkelstein BA. "Tensile Cervical Facet Capsule Ligament Mechanics: Failure and Subfailure Responses in the Rodent." Journal of Biomechanics 39(7):1256-64, 2006. (link)

Simon SL, Davis MB, Udupa J, Odhner D, and Winkelstein BA. "CT Imaging Techniques for Describing Motions of the Cervicothoracic Junction and Cervical Spine During Flexion, Extension, and Cervical Traction." Spine 31(1):44-50, 2006. (link)

Rothman SM, Kreider RA and Winkelstein BA. "Spinal Neuropeptide Responses in Persistent and Transient Pain Following Cervical Nerve Root Injury." Spine 30(22):2491-2496, 2005. (link)

Rothman SM, Hubbard RD, Lee KE and Winkelstein BA. "Detection, Transmission, and Perception of Pain." in Interventional Spine: An Algorithmic Approach, Slipman C, Simeone F, Derby R, Eds., Philadelphia: Saunders.  In press, 2007.

Winkelstein BA. "Pain & Injury: Mechanisms of Central Sensitization, CNS Nociception, Injury Biomechanics, and Implications for Musculoskeletal Disorders." in Occupational Ergonomics Handbook, Karwowski W and Marras W, Eds., in press, 2005.

Hubbard RD and Winkelstein BA. "Transient Cervical Nerve Root Compression in the Rat Induces Bilateral Forepaw Allodynia and Spinal Glial Activation: Mechanical Factors in Painful Neck Injuries." Spine 30(17):1924-1932, 2005. (link)

Lee KE, Davis MB, Mejilla RM and Winkelstein BA. "In Vivo Cervical Facet Capsule Distraction: Mechanical Implications for Whiplash & Neck Pain." Stapp Car Crash Journal 48:373-396, 2004. (link)

Winkelstein BA and Weinstein JN. "Pain Mechanisms: Relevant Anatomy, Pathogenesis and Clinical Implications." in The Cervical Spine 4th edition, Clark CR, Ed., 122-132, 2004.

Lee KE, Thinnes JH, Gokhin DS, and Winkelstein BA. "A Novel Rodent Neck Pain Model of Facet-Mediated Behavioral Hypersensitivity: Implications for Persistent Pain and Whiplash Injury." Journal of Neuroscience Methods 137(2):151-159, 2004. (link)

Winkelstein BA and DeLeo JA. "Mechanical Thresholds for Initiation and Persistence of Pain Following Nerve Root Injury: Mechanical and Chemical Contributions at Injury."Journal of Biomechanical Engineering, 126(2):258-263, 2004. (link)

Winkelstein BA. "Mechanisms of Central Sensitization, Neuroimmunology & Injury Biomechanics in Persistent Pain: Implications for Musculoskeletal Disorders." Journal of Electromyography & Kinesiology, 14(1):87-93, 2004. (link)

Winkelstein BA and DeLeo JA. "Nerve Root Tissue Injury Severity Differentially Modulates Spinal Glial Activation in a Rat Lumbar Radiculopathy Model: Considerations for Persistent Pain." Brain Research, 956(2):294-301, 2002. (link)

DeLeo JA and Winkelstein BA. "Physiology of Chronic Spinal Pain Syndromes: From Animal Models to Biomechanics." Spine, 27(22):2526-2537, 2002. (link)

Winkelstein BA and Myers BS. "Importance of Nonlinear and Multivariable Flexibility Coefficients in the Prediction of Human Cervical Spine Motion." Journal of Biomechanical Engineering, 124(5):504-511, 2002. (link)

Rutkowski MD, Winkelstein BA, Hickey WF, Pahl JL and DeLeo JA. "Lumbar Nerve Root Injury Induces CNS Neuroimmune Activation and Neuroinflammation in the Rat: Relationship to Painful Radiculopathy." Spine, 27(15):1604-1613, 2002. (link)

Nightingale RW, Winkelstein BA, Knaub KE, Richardson WJ, Luck JF and Myers BS. "Comparative Strengths and Structural Properties of the Upper and Lower Cervical Spine in Flexion and Extension." Journal of Biomechanics, 35(6):725-732, 2002. (link)

Winkelstein BA, Weinstein JN and DeLeo JA. "The Role of Mechanical Deformation in Lumbar Radiculopathy: An In Vivo Model." Spine, 27(1):27-33, 2002 (selected by Dannemiller Memorial Foundation for publication in AnalgesiaFile). (link) 39(7):1256-1264, 2006.


Conference abstracts and posters

Siegmund GP, Davis MB, Quinn KP, Hines E, Myers BS, Ejima S, Ono K, Kamiji K, Yasuki T, Winkelstein BA.  "Cervical Facet Capsule Response to Whiplash Loading With a Rotated Head Posture."  35th International Workshop on Human Subjects for Biomechanical Research, San Diego, CA, October 2007.

Dong L, Lee KE, Winkelstein BA.  "Dynamic Distraction of the Cervical Facet Joint Produces Higher Mechanical Allodynia than Quasistatic Distraction: Implications of Displacement Thresholds for Pain in Whiplash Loading."  ASME Summer Bioengineering Conference, Keystone, CO, June 2007. 

Lee KE, Winkelstein BA.  "Collagen Fiber Reorganization in the Cervical Facet Capsular Ligament Following Painful Facet Joint Distraction in the Rat."  ASME Summer Bioengineering Conference, Keystone, CO, June 2007. 

Nicoll SB, Hee CK, Davis MB, Winkelstein BA.  "A Rat Model of Osteoarthritic Temporomandibular Joint Pain: Mechanically-Induced Behavioral Hypersensitivity and Histologic Modifications." ASME Summer Bioengineering Conference, Keystone, CO, June 2007. 

Quinn KP, Winkelstein BA. "Application of Quantitative Polarized Light Techniques for Characterizing Ligament Fiber Kinematics during Facet Joint Loading." 34th International Workshop on Injury Biomechanics Research, Dearborn, MI, November 2006.

Lee KE, Quinn KP and Winkelstein BA. "Mechanical and Physiological Mechanisms of Painful Cervical Facet Capsule Injury." International Whiplash Trauma Congress, Portland, OR, June 2006.

Hubbard RD and Winkelstein BA. "Cervical Nerve Root Compression Elicits Behavioral Hypersensitivity Dependent on the Magnitude of Applied Load." ASME Summer Bioengineering Conference, Amelia Island, FL, June 2006.

Hubbard RD and Winkelstein BA. "Early Rhizotomy After Painful Dorsal Root Compression Reduces Behavioral Sensitivity and Spinal Glial Activation in a Rat Model." 23rd Annual National Neurotrauma Society Meeting, Washington DC, November 2005.

Rothman SM and Winkelstein BA. "Cervical Nerve Root Injury Differentially Upregulates Spinal TNF at Early Time Points for Persistent and Resolving Pain in a Rat Model." 23rd Annual National Neurotrauma Society Meeting, Washington DC, November 2005.

Lee KE, Tan AR, Quinn KP, Commons KG and Winkelstein BA. "Spinal Expression of Substance P and Its Receptor in Cervical Facet Joint-Mediated Injury: Preliminary Findings in a Model of Persistent Neck Pain." 23rd Annual National Neurotrauma Society Meeting, Washington DC, November 2005.

Quinn KP and Winkelstein BA. "Defining Quasilinear Viscoelastic Parameters for the Rat Cervical Facet Capsule in Tension." BMES Annual Fall Meeting, Baltimore, MD, September 2005.

Rothman SM, Kreider RA and Winkelstein BA. "Cervical Nerve Root Axotomy & Radiculopathy Produce Different Pain Symptoms & Spinal Neuropeptide Responses." Orthopedic Research Society 51st Annual Meeting, Washington DC, February 2005.

Lee KE, Franklin AN and Winkelstein BA. "Subfailure Injuries of the Neck: Implications for Whiplash and Pain." International Whiplash Trauma Congress, Breckenridge, CO, February 2005.

Rothman SM, Kreider RA and Winkelstein BA. "Understanding Mechanisms of Painful Cervical Nerve Root Injury: Defining a Relationship Between Persistent and Resolving Neck Pain Symptoms and Spinal Neuropeptide Responses." Cervical Spine Research Society 32nd Annual Meeting, Paper #38, Boston, MA, December 2004.

Lee KE, Franklin AN and Winkelstein BA. "Development of an Experimental Model of In Vivo Cervical Facet Joint Loading and Capsule Distraction." 32nd International Workshop on Injury Biomechanics Research, Nashville, TN, November 2004.

Hubbard RD, Rothman SM, and Winkelstein BA. "Mechanisms of Persistent Neck Pain Following Nerve Root Compression Injury: Understanding Behavioral Hypersensitivity in the Context of Spinal Cytokine Responses and Tissue Biomechanics." North American Spine Society 19th Annual Meeting, #P49 Chicago, IL, October 2004

Franklin AN, Lee KE and Winkelstein BA. "Tensile Mechanical Characterization of the Rat Facet Capsule." BMES Annual Fall Meeting, Philadelphia, PA, October 2004.

Davis MB, Simon SL, Odhner D, Iwanaga T, Udupa J, and Winkelstein BA. Biomechanical Characterization of Cervicothoracic Junction Biomechanics Using CT Imaging. BMES Annual Fall Meeting, #1138, Philadelphia, PA, October 2004.

Winkelstein BA, Hubbard RD and DeLeo JA. "Biomechanics and Painful Injuries: Tissue & CNS Responses for Nerve Root Mechanical Injuries." ASME International Mechanical Engineering Conference, Washington DC, November 2003.

Hubbard RD, Lee KE, and Winkelstein BA. "Effects of Nerve Root Compression Magnitude on Behavioral Outcomes: Preliminary Findings in a Neck Pain Model." National Neurotrauma Society Meeting, Biloxi, MS, November 2003.

Lee KE, Thinnes JH, Gokhin DS, and Winkelstein BA. "Preliminary Findings in a Novel Facet-Mediated Neck Pain Model: Biomechanical Implications for Whiplash Injuries." International Whiplash Trauma Congress, Denver, CO, October 2003.

Winkelstein BA and DeLeo JA. "The Role of Tissue Biomechanics in Painful Injuries: Mechanics, Cellular Responses and Pain Behaviors." ASME Summer Bioengineering Conference, pg. 151-152, Key Biscayne, FL, June 2003.

Winkelstein BA, Finsness ED, Ridgway AB and DeLeo JA. "Anatomic and Biomechanical Considerations for Painful Lumbar Radiculopathy Models." Society for Neuroscience 32nd Annual Meeting, #758.7, Orlando, FL, November 2002.

Simon SL, Iwanaga T, Udupa JK and Winkelstein BA. "The Use of Computerized Tomography to Describe the Relative Motions of the Cervical Spine and Cervicothoracic Junction during Cervical Traction." 52nd Annual Meeting of the Congress of Neurological Surgeons, #381, Philadelphia, PA, September 2002.

Winkelstein BA, Weinstein JN and DeLeo JA. "Role of Local Biomechanics in Temporal Behavioral Responses of Painful Radiculopathy." 4th World Congress of Biomechanics, #5057, Calgary, Canada, August 2002.

Myers BS, Winkelstein BA, Chung EK, Nightingale RW and Siegmund GP. "Cervical Spine Facet Capsular Ligament Strain in Midsagittal and Three Dimensional Whiplash-Like Loading." 4th World Congress of Biomechanics, #5615, Calgary, Canada, August 2002.

Winkelstein BA, Rutkowski MD, Weinstein JN and DeLeo JA. "Temporal Responses in a Lumbar Radiculopathy Model: Tissue Biomechanics, Allodynia & Central Neuroimmune Changes." International Society for the Study of the Lumbar Spine Annual Meeting, #9, Cleveland, OH, May 2002.

Winkelstein, B.A., Rutkowski, M.D., DeLeo, J.A., "Chemokines in Neuropathic Pain: Potential Benefits for Modulating Pain by Targeting Their Actions." 31st Annual New England Pharmacologists Meeting, #O8, Hanover, NH, January 2002.